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Sub Module 7.17: Aircraft Jacking

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      EASA MODULE 7A Sub Module 7.17 AIRCRAFT HANDLING AND STORAGE    AIRCRAFT JACKING: Aircraft may need to be jacked for a variety of purposes. These may include component changes, retraction tests, weighing of the aircraft and aircraft rigging checks. Care needs to be taken when jacking, to avoid damage to aircraft or equipment. Jacking points are provided in the wings and fuselage, at strong points, to enable the whole aircraft to be lifted, and there are, usually, other points, at the nose and main undercarriages, to enable individual wheels to be changed. Some aircraft require a jacking pad to be fitted to each jacking point, while in some, the jacking pads are built into the structure. Special jacking adapters and beams may be available to lift individual axles.   In all instances, the Maintenance Manual should be consulted, so that the correct equipment and procedures may be used. Because of the position of the jacking points, the C.G. of some aircr...
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Sub module 7.17: De-icing/Anti-icing of Aircraft

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EASA MODULE 7A Sub Module 7.17 AIRCRAFT HANDLING AND STORAGE DE-ICING/ANTI-ICING OF AIRCRAFT     Ice Types There are three main types of ice/frost that can affect an aircraft’s performance, Hoar Frost, Rime Ice and Glaze Ice. The temperature and weather conditions will determine the type of ice that forms, but all three types can have a detrimental effect. The Dew Point is the temperature at which moist air becomes saturated and deposits dew if in contact with a colder surface or the ground. Above ground, condensation into water droplets takes place. Hoar Frost is a deposit of ice crystals that form on an objectwhen the dew point is below freezing point. High humidity will normally produce hoar frost, as these are similar to conditions that produce dew. Hoar frost can form when the air temperature is greater than 0°C, but the aircraft skin temperature is less than 0°C. This type of frost produces a very rough surface which leads to turbulent airflow. Rime Ice is a light c...
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SUB MODULE 7.3: TWIST DRILLS

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EASA PART 66 MODULE 7 MAINTENANCE PRACTICES SUB MODULE 7.3 Twist Drills: Twist drill is a cutting tool comprised of cutting point at tip of a shaft with helical cutting edge. While the range of tools, designed to create holes in metals and other materials is vast, the Morse-type (named after its inventor, an American engineer) of Twist Drill (refer to Fig. 3.13) is the one most commonly used in aircraft (and in general) engineering. The shank is the part of the twist drill that is gripped and driven by the chuck of the drilling machine and it is on the shank that the details of the type (grade) and diameter of the drill can usually be found printed or engraved. On drills up to 12.5 mm (½”) diameter, the shank is parallel and placed into the jaws of a self-centring chuck. On drills above 12.5 mm the shank is usually tapered (to a Morse Taper) of 1:20. The tapered shank fits directly into a matching tapered housing in the drilling machine spindle. The tapered shank usually ends in a tan...
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