The Hash Academy

EASA PART 66 MODULE 7 MAINTENANCE PRACTICES SUB MODULE 7.3 Twist Drills: Twist drill is a cutting tool comprised of cutting point at tip of a shaft with helical cutting edge. While the range of tools, designed to create holes in metals and other materials is vast, the Morse-type (named after its inventor, an American engineer) of Twist Drill (refer to Fig. 3.13) is the one most commonly used in aircraft (and in general) engineering. The shank is the part of the twist drill that is gripped and driven by the chuck of the drilling machine and it is on the shank that the details of the type (grade) and diameter of the drill can usually be found printed or engraved. On drills up to 12.5 mm (½”) diameter, the shank is parallel and placed into the jaws of a self-centring chuck. On drills above 12.5 mm the shank is usually tapered (to a Morse Taper) of 1:20. The tapered shank fits directly into a matching tapered housing in the drilling machine spindle. The tapered shank usually ends in a tan...

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  EASA MODULE 7A Sub Module 7.3 TOOLS Files   Files are cutting tools for removing metal from a surface and are made of high-carbon steel. The blade is hardened, whilst the tang (to which, a handle must always be attached, for safety reasons, before the file is used), is left in a softer, tougher condition and is, therefore, less brittle. Hand files are classified by their:  Length  Shape  Cross-Section  Cut  Grade The length of a file is measured from the shoulder to the tip of the blade. Files are available, for special work, in lengths from 75 mm (3 in) to 350 mm (14 in). The most common sizes are 150 mm (6 in), 200 mm (8 in) and 250 mm (10 in). Files are available in a variety of shapes (refer to Fig. 3.9), and the most common shapes are those which are:  Tapered  Parallel  Bellied       Shapes of Files The various shapes and the cross-sections of files allow them to be used on a wide range of tasks. The standard file ...

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EASA MODULE 7A Sub Module 7.3 TOOLS Filing Techniques:   Good filing is not just a matter of removing surplus metal. The correct amount of material, at each point on the surface of the work piece, needs to be removed, so that the dimensions and tolerances, set by the drawing, will be met. Proficiency comes with practice. New files should, if possible, be first used on soft metal. This achieves ‘tempering’ of the cutting teeth and will contribute to a longer life for the file. Before starting work, it must be ensured that the work piece is secure and correctly placed, as both hands are required for filing tasks. A file must never be used without a handle. The file will not be under full control and the risk of puncturing the wrist or palm is very great.   Files must be handled carefully. File blades, being hard, are also brittle and will break if dropped. After use, all files should be returned to their respective racks or bandolier-type holdalls, to prevent them knocking toget...